If I wanted to call a Clay table via webhook, is there a way I could get that webhook to return data to the original caller without using a callback URL?
No, Clay webhooks don't return data directly to the caller. Webhooks in Clay are designed to receive data through HTTP POST requests, not return responses.
For API-like workflows, you'd send data to Clay via webhook, let Clay process/enrich it, then use HTTP actions to push the processed data back to your system of record. Clay doesn't offer exposed API endpoints that can be directly queried for responses.